5




         1                 P R O C E E D I N G S

         2              ASSEMBLYMAN PARMENT:    Good morning.

         3         My apologies for being late.  We took a

         4         wrong turn, and had the opportunity to

         5         explore some of the Staten Island.

         6              This hearing is called to order.  I am

         7         Assemblyman Bill Parment.  I represent most

         8         of Chautauqua County in the New York State

         9         Assembly, and I am the co-chair of the

        10         Legislative Task Force on Demographic

        11         Research and Reapportionment.

        12              The Task Force is created by a State

        13         Law.  The appointments to the Task Force are

        14         divided between the Majority Leader of the

        15         State Senate, the Speaker of the State

        16         Assembly, the Minority Leader of the State

        17         Assembly, and the Minority Leader of the

        18         State Senate.

        19              There are six members of the Task

        20         Force.  The Task Force is charged with the

        21         responsibility of recommending to the New

        22         York State Legislature a plan for the

        23         redistricting of the State Assembly, State

        24         Senate and Congressional seats for New York




.6




         1         State.

         2              We are conducting a series of hearings

         3         around New York State to take public

         4         testimony, to gain input and gain insight to

         5         the problems that this Task will have for

         6         communities around the State, and it is our

         7         hope that at the completion of this round of

         8         hearings, that we will then be able to draw

         9         districts that accurately reflect the

        10         communities of interests and concerns for

        11         the people of the State of New York.

        12              After drawing that set of plans, I am

        13         hopeful that we will then have an additional

        14         round of hearings on proposed plans, prior

        15         to making a recommendation to the New York

        16         State Legislature for enactment.

        17              With that, I would just turn it over to

        18         my colleague, Vinnie Bruy, who is

        19         representing the State Senate.

        20              MR. BRUY:    Good morning.  Senator

        21         Skelos was unable to be here today, but he

        22         asked me to read the following statement.

        23              We wish to welcome everybody to the

        24         Legislative Task Force on Demographic




.7




         1         Research and Reapportionment, eighth of

         2         eleven public hearings currently being held

         3         around the State.

         4              The purpose of these hearings is to

         5         obtain input from the general public on the

         6         wide range of issues impacting our State's

         7         process in drawing Congressional, State

         8         Senate and Assembly district boundaries.  In

         9         doing so, the Task Force must meet

        10         requirements of Federal and State laws and

        11         regulations, as well as numerous Court

        12         decisions.

        13              The goal of this reapportionment

        14         process is to provide fair and effective

        15         representation for all citizens of this

        16         great State.

        17              These hearing are an important step

        18         towards providing such representation.

        19              We are requesting that you keep your

        20         testimony to five minutes, and we will go in

        21         order.

        22              Thank you.

        23              ASSEMBLYMAN PARMENT:    Mr. Dollinger.

        24              SENATOR DOLLINGER:    I will go next.




.8




         1         I am Senator Rick Dollinger.  I represent

         2         about half of Monroe County, including most

         3         of the City of Rochester and two of its

         4         suburbs, the towns of Brighton and Greece.

         5              I am the Democratic Senate appointee to

         6         this Commission, appointed by the Democratic

         7         Leader, Martin Connor.

         8              As both of my colleagues, Mr. Bruy and

         9         Assemblyman Parment, have pointed out, this

        10         is the eighth in a series of hearings in

        11         which we have covered the State.  This is

        12         the last of our hearings in the five

        13         boroughs of the City of New York.  We have

        14         been in Suffolk County, Syracuse and

        15         Binghamton.  In addition to that, we are

        16         going to Westchester tomorrow morning.

        17              I would just add two quick things.

        18              One, I think it is safe to say that we

        19         have heard a lot of incumbent praise in the

        20         course of the last seven hearings, and

        21         people who have come in and told us that

        22         they have their Congressman, Assemblyman or

        23         Senator of their choice, and that they want

        24         to keep them.




.9




         1              That is really not our job to keep a

         2         particular incumbent in a particular

         3         community.  Our job is to take the census

         4         data from the United States Census Bureau,

         5         and come up with district lines, as both Mr.

         6         Bruy and Assemblyman Parment pointed out, to

         7         try to bring communities of interest

         8         together, and communities that have things

         9         in common, to give them a chance to elect

        10         their representative of their choice.

        11              So, I look forward to this hearing.  It

        12         is the first time I have been on Staten

        13         Island, and you have a beautiful community

        14         here, and I am pleased to be here, and look

        15         forward to the testimony.

        16              Thank you.

        17              ASSEMBLYMAN PARMENT:    Mr. Ortloff.

        18              ASSEMBLYMAN ORTLOFF:    My name is

        19         Chris Ortloff.  I represent Southern Quebec

        20         -- a joke, but it does drive home a point.

        21         I come from Plattsburgh, the last stop on

        22         I-87 before you get to Canada, and a

        23         shoulder to the State of Vermont.

        24              I just mention that, because as we




.10




         1         travel the State, what we learned in school

         2         is underscored by the reality of what we

         3         hear from you.

         4              We are here because the Constitution of

         5         the United States and the decision of the

         6         United State Supreme Court says, for the

         7         last thirty-seven years, that State

         8         Legislative Districts, along with

         9         Congressional Districts, must be redrawn

        10         every ten years in accordance with the

        11         results of the census.

        12              We are also here to try to do that job

        13         in a way that accurately and effectively

        14         represents the way New Yorkers live in

        15         communities.

        16              Communities are small places.  We are a

        17         big state of a little over eighteen million

        18         people, but we are made up like every state,

        19         of small communities where people know their

        20         schools, they know their shops, they know

        21         the post office, they know their neighbors,

        22         they know how to get around, they know where

        23         to turn to for help, and they expect, and

        24         indeed the Constitution requires us, to draw




.11




         1         district lines that reflect and amplify the

         2         existence of those communities, not split

         3         them and disenfranchise them.

         4              So, it is a difficult job.  It can only

         5         be done if we hear from the people who live

         6         there, in each of these communities.  How

         7         their current lines assist them in good

         8         representation or how they thwart them.  How

         9         changing demographics need to be responded

        10         to, or how some districts ought to stay the

        11         same.  Those are the things that, as Senator

        12         Dollinger reflected a minute ago, we want to

        13         hear today.

        14              It is important, of course, who serves,

        15         but it is most important that long after any

        16         of us have ceased serving, the communities

        17         of New York State will continue to exist,

        18         and it is for them and the people that live

        19         in them that we are doing our job.

        20              ASSEMBLYMAN PARMENT:    Thank you.

        21         Okay, our first -- one thought.  I need to

        22         want to mention too that we have been joined

        23         by Assemblymember Lavelle, from Staten

        24         Island, who is here with us in the




.12




         1         auditorium.

         2              SENATOR DOLLINGER:    Mr. Chairman, I

         3         would just like to introduce my colleague

         4         from the State Senate, Senator Vincent

         5         Gentile, as well.  Welcome.

         6              ASSEMBLYMAN PARMENT:    The first

         7         witness is Mr. Joseph Pagan.  Ms. Belinda

         8         Dixon.  Councilman Marty Golden.

         9              COUNCILMAN GOLDEN:    Good morning,

        10         ladies and gentlemen.  Thank you for coming

        11         into Staten Island today, and into the

        12         borough to listen to my colleagues in

        13         government, and to the community, on some

        14         what we believe is changes that need to be

        15         taken in the future to make sure that we

        16         have contiguous neighborhoods.

        17              I want to thank you for giving me this

        18         opportunity to speak to you today about this

        19         very important task that faces you in the

        20         months ahead.

        21              Communities are very important.  People

        22         who live in the same neighborhood often have

        23         a number of common interests.  They often

        24         have the same transportation problems, the




.13




         1         same qualify of life problems, the same

         2         socio-economic status, and sometimes even

         3         the same political orientation.

         4              It would make sense that people who

         5         have so many common interests would have a

         6         common representative to make their case for

         7         them in Washington, in Albany, and in City

         8         Hall.

         9              Unfortunately, it does not always work

        10         that way.  We all know that many factors

        11         affect the drawing of district lines.  I

        12         would ask, however, that as you draft our

        13         Congressional and Legislative districts this

        14         year, you consider the importance of

        15         maintaining the integrity of the

        16         neighborhoods.

        17              I speak to you as someone who knows how

        18         it can effect a community.  One of the

        19         neighborhoods I represent in the City

        20         Council is Bay Ridge, just on the other side

        21         of this bridge, the Verrazano Bridge, and it

        22         is divided between three assembly seats, the

        23         52nd the 48th and the 46th.

        24              The adjacent community, which is right




.14




         1         next door, which I represent, is Dyker

         2         Heights, and that is also divided into three

         3         districts, which is the 46th, the 48th and

         4         the 49th.  That used to be all one district,

         5         the 52nd.  The two adjacent neighborhoods

         6         are divided between four assembly districts.

         7         Some suggest that this is a good thing, that

         8         having so many representatives actually

         9         enhances a community's influence.  I think

        10         we all know better.

        11              I disagree.  If a community is divided

        12         and made an appendage to a district that

        13         takes in other neighborhoods, there may not

        14         be the common interest that would exist if

        15         the neighborhood were kept together in a

        16         single district.  It may be impossible for a

        17         legislator to adequately represent all of

        18         its constituents, if a district is drawn

        19         that divided neighborhoods and places and

        20         parts of them in different districts.

        21              We need to make sure that community

        22         interest can be represented, and that our

        23         representatives can effectively represent

        24         all the people they serve.




.15




         1              Therefore, I ask you when you design

         2         our Legislative and Congressional Districts,

         3         that you keep the issue of neighborhood

         4         integrity close to your hearts.  The Supreme

         5         Court once said that legislators do not

         6         represent trees, or rivers, or streams.

         7         That is true.  They represent people, and

         8         people living in neighborhoods with common

         9         needs and concerns should have a common

        10         voice.

        11              My community is about 150,000 people of

        12         Bay Ridge, Bensonhurst and Dyker Heights.

        13         That is one city council district, and that

        14         is broken into four assembly districts, one

        15         Senate district and one Congressional

        16         district, which comes across the bridge here

        17         into Staten Island.  It should have one

        18         assembly district that represents all of the

        19         people of that community.

        20              Thank you.

        21              ASSEMBLYMAN PARMENT:    Thank you, sir.

        22         Earlene Bethel.  Mr. Steven Harrison.

        23              MR. HARRISON:    Good morning.  My name

        24         is Steven Harrison, and I am the Chair of




.16




         1         Community Board 10 in Brooklyn.  That

         2         roughly encompasses the neighborhoods of Bay

         3         Ridge, Dyker Heights and Fort Hamilton.  My

         4         district holds up the Brooklyn side of the

         5         Verrazano-Narrows Bridge, and probably most

         6         of the Task Force passed through Community

         7         Board 10 on the way to this hearing this

         8         morning.  I hope that's not where you got

         9         lost.

        10              The obvious question, of course, is why

        11         I am testifying in Staten Island, rather

        12         than in Brooklyn, and the answer is, to make

        13         a point.  Staten Island, and Community Board

        14         10, share a common political district on

        15         every level, Federal, State and Local.

        16              Congressman Vito Fossella's district

        17         encompasses Staten Island, but it also

        18         encompasses most of the Community District

        19         10.

        20              State Senator Vincent Gentile's

        21         district lies primarily in Community Board

        22         10, but about one third of his district lies

        23         in Staten Island.

        24              City council member, James Oddo's




.17




         1         district lies mostly in Staten Island, but a

         2         portion of his district lies in Community

         3         Board 10.

         4              In short, Staten Island and Community

         5         Board 10 are joined at the political hip.

         6         On any governmental level, it would be

         7         impossible to consider redistricting

         8         Community Board 10, or on Staten Island,

         9         without considering the other.

        10              On May 21st, Community Board 10 passed

        11         a resolution empowering me to testify here,

        12         expressing our opinion, that Bay Ridge, and

        13         Dyker Heights, and Fort Hamilton, are a

        14         cohesive community as best served by

        15         consolidated representation.  Accordingly, I

        16         call upon the Legislature to redraw the

        17         lines, particularly the Assembly lines, to

        18         better acknowledge the commonality of

        19         interest in the neighborhoods of Community

        20         Board 10.

        21              Currently, Community Board 10,

        22         represented by one State Senator, and

        23         primarily by one council member, is divided

        24         into four assembly districts.  Two of the




.18




         1         assembly districts connect to larger

         2         portions of the same district in remote

         3         locations.

         4              One district is primarily in Coney

         5         Island, and is connected to Bay Ridge only

         6         by an unpopulated ribbon of the belt

         7         parkway.

         8              Another district is primarily in

         9         Carroll Gardens, in downtown Brooklyn.  It

        10         connects to Bay Ridge through a sparsely

        11         populated corridor of piers and industrial

        12         zones, and none of the four assembly

        13         districts to the people of Bay Ridge, and

        14         Dyker Heights, and Fort Hamilton find

        15         themselves in the majority.

        16              There is virtually no hope that someone

        17         from Bay Ridge or Dyker Heights will be

        18         elected to these positions, thus, even

        19         though some may say we have four members of

        20         the Assembly, it is probably more accurate

        21         to say that we have none.

        22              Now, I must be clear.  The issue here

        23         is not the competence of our current elected

        24         officials.  All of our current




.19




         1         Assemblymembers are very capable, but they

         2         do not hail from Bay Ridge or Dyker Heights

         3         or Fort Hamilton, and the majority of their

         4         constituents come from other communities

         5         that share little in common with Community

         6         Board 10.

         7              So, the question is whether the lines

         8         should be redrawn to better represent and

         9         preserve the social, political and

        10         geographic integrity traditionally reflected

        11         in the Civic Associations, the cultural

        12         life, and the municipal districts of our

        13         Community Board 10.

        14              Our civic life revolves around a myriad

        15         of associations, peppered with the names Bay

        16         Ridge, Dyker Heights and Fort Hamilton.  The

        17         Bay Ridge Community Council is comprised of

        18         over one hundred organizations hailing from

        19         Bay Ridge.

        20              The Dyker Heights Civic Association has

        21         been the focus of civic life there since

        22         1928.  Fort Hamilton High School has taught

        23         our children since the forties.  We have an

        24         Alliance of Bay Ridge Block Associations.




.20




         1         The Bay Ridge Historical Society recalls our

         2         heritage.

         3              There are no Coney Island associations

         4         or Carroll Garden associations in Community

         5         Board 10.  We are politically tethered to

         6         them, however, by highways and industrial

         7         zones.

         8              We have three local newspapers that

         9         cover Community Board 10, the "Bay Ridge

        10         Home Reporter," the 'Bay Ridge Paper" and

        11         the "Bay Ridge Courier."  We do not read the

        12         papers from Coney Island or Carroll Gardens

        13         or Borough Park or Bensonhurst, not because

        14         they are bad, but simply because we share a

        15         few interests with these communities.

        16              The phone book lists over one hundred

        17         businesses within our district, using Bay

        18         Ridge in the name, and eight with the name

        19         Dyker.  There is not one business within our

        20         community that has the name Coney Island or

        21         Carroll Gardens or Borough Park in it, and

        22         yet all our Assemblymembers come from Coney

        23         Island or Carroll Gardens or Borough Park.

        24              We even have our own zoning district, a




.21




         1         special Bay Ridge district.  It was created

         2         in 1978, to preserve the character of the

         3         surrounding community.  Why, because Bay

         4         Ridge does have a specific character, a

         5         character that defines it as one cohesive

         6         community, worthy of vigorous representation

         7         in the Assembly as a primary district, and

         8         not as a secondary appendage to another

         9         district that is down the road.

        10              Community Board 10 does not seek to

        11         micro-manage the drawing of the Assembly

        12         districts.  We understand that, given the

        13         population distribution, it is unlikely that

        14         the lines will be drawn to make one

        15         Community Board 10 district in the Assembly,

        16         so we do not ask for that.

        17              The resolution passed by the Board is

        18         simple, and it is direct.  It merely states

        19         that the neighborhoods of Community Board 10

        20         are cohesive communities, best served by

        21         consolidated representation.  The lines

        22         should be redrawn to make the election of a

        23         Bay Ridge or a Dyker Heights or Fort

        24         Hamilton member of the Assembly likely.




.22




         1              I thank you for your time.

         2              ASSEMBLYMAN PARMENT:    Just a couple

         3         of questions about this area.

         4              If, in fact, the resultant plan that we

         5         draw would create a district or districts

         6         that would include, within the district,

         7         geographic areas both in Brooklyn and Staten

         8         Island, being the closest, I guess, to

         9         landfall between the two areas, would the

        10         Community Board 10 region be more similar to

        11         Staten Island than it is to Coney Island?

        12              MR. HARRISON:    I am testifying here

        13         today on behalf of the Community Board, and

        14         in a very limited capacity.  I want that to

        15         be very clear, as to what I can say on their

        16         behalf.  I can say that on a personal level

        17         I do not think that it would be

        18         objectionable if something had to be

        19         connected to Staten Island.  Clearly, every

        20         other level that we have in Community Board

        21         10 is connected to Staten Island in some

        22         way.

        23              As I stated, our Congressional District

        24         is connected to Staten Island, our State




.23




         1         Senate District is connected to Staten

         2         Island, and one of our Councilmatic

         3         districts, a small part, not Councilman

         4         Golden's but another one, is also connected

         5         to Staten Island, and that has not seemed to

         6         pose a problem.

         7              ASSEMBLYMAN PARMENT:    Is the

         8         Community Board actually physically

         9         associated with Staten Island, or is it all

        10         on the Brooklyn side?

        11              MR. HARRISON:    No.  The Community

        12         Board is totally on --

        13              ASSEMBLYMAN PARMENT:    On the Brooklyn

        14         side.

        15              MR. HARRISON:    -- within the Brooklyn

        16         side.

        17              I think that the crux of my testimony,

        18         on behalf of the Community Board, is that we

        19         would like to see that there would be

        20         somebody in the State Assembly who came from

        21         the Community Board area.  We recognize that

        22         we are probably not going to get one

        23         cohesive district, but we would like to see

        24         at least one district in which the




.24




         1         possibility of an election of someone from

         2         our area would be likely.

         3              ASSEMBLYMAN PARMENT:    Thank you.  Any

         4         other questions?

         5              ASSEMBLYMAN ORTLOFF:    This is an

         6         important question, so although I think I

         7         understand it, and I think you know what you

         8         meant, I wonder if I could invite you to

         9         explain why that is important?

        10              MR. HARRISON:    It is important

        11         because, I think that -- because Bay Ridge

        12         is a cohesive community.

        13              We are people -- and to tell you the

        14         truth, Assemblyman, I think that you said it

        15         very well in your opening statements.

        16              We are a community.  We have 120,000

        17         people in our community.  That is larger

        18         than the City of Albany, and we have

        19         effectively been, since the early 1980's,

        20         deprived of somebody in the Assembly, who

        21         would represent our interests.

        22              I was very, very careful to state that

        23         the people who currently represent us, and I

        24         know them all, are very capable assembly




.25




         1         people, but they do not come from Bay Ridge,

         2         and when conflicts of interest arise,

         3         Carroll Gardens v. Bay Ridge, there is a

         4         conflict there, and even though the

         5         Assemblyperson from that area is wonderful,

         6         we know what is going to happen under those

         7         circumstances.  The majority, her

         8         constituents come from Carroll Gardens.

         9              We have another one whose constituents

        10         come from Coney Island.  We have another

        11         whose constituents come from Bensonhurst,

        12         and another one from Borough Park.  We are

        13         not from those areas.

        14              ASSEMBLYMAN ORTLOFF:    Your community

        15         is how big?

        16              MR. HARRISON:    About 120,000.

        17              ASSEMBLYMAN ORTLOFF:    How large is an

        18         assembly district?

        19              MR. HARRISON:    You have to tell me

        20         how much.

        21              ASSEMBLYMAN ORTLOFF:    About 120,000.

        22              MR. HARRISON:    About 120,000.

        23              ASSEMBLYMAN ORTLOFF:    Thank you.

        24              MR. HARRISON:    Well, if you wanted to




.26




         1         do one, that would --

         2              ASSEMBLYMAN ORTLOFF:    You make a good

         3         point.

         4              MR. HARRISON:    Thank you.

         5              SENATOR DOLLINGER:    I was just going

         6         to ask -- perhaps you could just explain it

         7         to me.  These three communities that you

         8         talk about, Bay Ridge, Dyker Heights and

         9         Fort Hamilton, are they -- do they have any

        10         evidence of voting as a politically cohesive

        11         unit, do you know?

        12              MR. HARRISON:    I do not quite

        13         understand what you mean.  Do you mean, are

        14         they both Democratic or Republican or

        15         something of that nature?

        16              SENATOR DOLLINGER:    Well, do they

        17         vote for particular candidates in large

        18         numbers, do they have a pattern or have you

        19         had done anything to take a look at voting

        20         patterns in this district, in this area?

        21              MR. HARRISON:    I will tell you this

        22         that Congressman Fossella, if this helps, is

        23         a Republican.  Senator Vincent Gentile is

        24         Democratic, and all four Assembly Districts




.27




         1         are Democratic.

         2              SENATOR DOLLINGER:    One of the things

         3         I would suggest to you, Mr. Harrison, is

         4         that at some point, I hope in the near

         5         future, there will be a website up through

         6         this Task Force, which should give you

         7         access to all kinds of population data,

         8         political data and other data, that would

         9         assist you or give you the opportunity to

        10         develop a plan for an Assembly District in

        11         this neighborhood combining that, and if you

        12         avail yourself of that opportunity, I would

        13         just like to add one caveat to it, and that

        14         is that to some extent, one of the very

        15         difficult jobs that this Task Force faces,

        16         is that if we accommodate the needs of one

        17         particular group or neighborhood -- if we

        18         take one select group, and we say, we're

        19         going to preserve Bay Ridge and Dyker

        20         Heights and Fort Hamilton, remember we have

        21         to fill in the jigsaw puzzle around it, and

        22         one of the questions is, to what extent do

        23         we carve up other communities in order to

        24         accommodate a particular community such as




.28




         1         you mention.

         2              We have heard lots of people come in

         3         throughout the City of New York, and talk

         4         about the importance of their neighborhoods,

         5         which is exactly why we are here, to get

         6         that kind of information.  But, when you

         7         think about the big puzzle, interlocking 150

         8         Assembly Districts across the State, 61

         9         Senate Districts, and 29 Congressional

        10         Districts, we may not be able to preserve

        11         every single community.

        12              And the reason why I make that point is

        13         because, if you do draw us a plan, which I

        14         would encourage you to do -- I think your

        15         Community Board is perfectly postured to

        16         give us your ideas on what the plan would

        17         look like.

        18              If you are going to help us to that

        19         extent, help us even further by taking a

        20         look at the surrounding area, and figuring

        21         out what advice you would give us about the

        22         surrounding areas, which may emphasize to

        23         you how incredibly complex and difficult the

        24         task is that we face, because while we might




.29




         1         be inclined to preserve Bay Ridge and Dyker

         2         Heights in one group, that means that we may

         3         have to go to other places nearby and divide

         4         them up, which means, we are, in essence,

         5         sacrificing other communities of interest

         6         for yours.

         7              I just give you that sense to give you

         8         a little impression of how complicated and

         9         complex what we are trying to do is.

        10              MR. HARRISON:    I think that both I

        11         and the entire Board recognize that, and

        12         that is why we did not try to micro-manage

        13         and say, we want the district drawn this way

        14         at this particular time.  If you would like

        15         us to do that, I am sure we could sit down

        16         and do it.

        17              SENATOR DOLLINGER:    It would just

        18         encourage you -- one of the things that we

        19         have attempted to do is to give enough

        20         public access to community groups, so that

        21         they can draw a single plan, a multi-plan, a

        22         plan for both boroughs.  You could draw one

        23         for Staten Island, draw one for Brooklyn.

        24         Frankly, the more little maps we get, the




.30




         1         better we will know exactly what you want,

         2         and exactly where the communities of

         3         interest exist.

         4              MR. HARRISON:    We will give you as

         5         many little maps as we can draw.

         6              SENATOR DOLLINGER:    I would encourage

         7         you, grab your history professor and your

         8         political science teachers, and give them

         9         the maps and tell them to come up with

        10         something, and let us know what it looks

        11         like.

        12              MR. HARRISON:    I will do that, and I

        13         thank you for your time.

        14              SENATOR DOLLINGER:    Thank you.

        15              ASSEMBLYMAN PARMENT:    Senator Vincent

        16         Gentile.

        17              SENATOR GENTILE:    Thank you, Chairman

        18         Parment, members and fellow colleagues from

        19         the Assembly and the Senate.

        20              Welcome to an area of New York State

        21         that I have come to know and love, the

        22         island of Staten Island.  I think John

        23         Marchi has kept this secret for many, many

        24         years, and certainly, I believe, that the




.31




         1         word is getting out that Staten Island is a

         2         beautiful place.

         3              So, I welcome you, and I wish to thank

         4         you, as my colleagues on the Legislative

         5         Task Force on Demographic Research and

         6         Reapportionment, for this opportunity to

         7         express my views on the redistricting

         8         process that creates the new Congressional

         9         State Senate and Assembly district

        10         boundaries.

        11              In the State Senate, I represent the

        12         Northeast Shore of Staten Island, and parts

        13         of Southwest Brooklyn, including all of

        14         Community Board 10, of which Chairman

        15         Harrison just spoke of, and that includes

        16         the communities of Bay Ridge, Bensonhurst,

        17         Dyker Heights, a little bit of Sunset Park

        18         and a little bit of Boro Park.

        19              Certainly, that portion of my district

        20         is full, complete and contiguous.  However,

        21         on Staten Island, that is not necessarily

        22         the case.

        23              The census figures on Staten Island are

        24         impressive.  The increase in Staten Island




.32




         1         population has been a 17% increase in

         2         population since 1990, making Richmond

         3         County New York State's fastest growing

         4         county.  In fact, one of the areas I

         5         represent, which is Rosebank in Staten

         6         Island, is reported to be the fastest

         7         growing neighborhood in the State, with a

         8         41% overall increase in population.

         9              My Senate district is the third largest

        10         in population in all the districts of New

        11         York State, and most of that growth has come

        12         from Staten Island.

        13              Indeed, Senator Marchi's district is

        14         not far behind mine in total population.

        15         So, it is clear that new lines need to be

        16         drawn to reflect that increase in the Staten

        17         Island population.

        18              Probably, though, more important than

        19         the population growth has been the growth in

        20         diversity in Staten Island.  Although the

        21         smallest borough citywide, our diversity in

        22         Staten Island is reflected in our

        23         neighborhoods from the North Shore to the

        24         South Shore.  Our neighborhoods have a




.33




         1         profound and distinct history.

         2              Therefore, as the Task Force undertakes

         3         its important mandate of adjusting our

         4         Legislative districts to reflect the shifts

         5         in our State's population, I believe that

         6         the issue, as others have indicated, is

         7         paramount and must be considered before all

         8         others, and that is -- and as Senator

         9         Dollinger said -- you have to look at the

        10         big picture and the entire puzzle, and I

        11         have, Senator, and I say, to the extent

        12         possible, Legislative districts should be

        13         drawn to respect that identity and integrity

        14         of individual communities and neighborhoods.

        15              As elected officials, we may have a

        16         tendency to view the world through the

        17         numbers that are assigned to the districts

        18         within the sometimes incongruous boundaries

        19         that are set for our Congressional and

        20         Legislative areas.

        21              However, the constituents we represent

        22         identify themselves by neighborhoods, in

        23         which they live and work, and that is only

        24         natural when neighborhoods and their




.34




         1         residents often share that common heritage

         2         or identity which Legislative districts

         3         lack.

         4              As an elected official, I know that the

         5         issues that seem to effect one part of a

         6         neighborhood frequently come to effect the

         7         entire neighborhood.  If the entire

         8         neighborhood is represented by one member of

         9         Congress, one member of the State Senate, as

        10         the case in the Brooklyn portion of my

        11         district, it is easier for that elected

        12         official to advocate for that issue and

        13         avoid the confusion of dividing the

        14         responsibility for advocacy between a cadre

        15         of officials.

        16              At the same time, I believe that an

        17         individual's faith in their government is

        18         strengthened when that individual knows that

        19         the officials who understands all the

        20         nuances and complexities of that community

        21         represents that neighborhood.  Splitting

        22         communities in Legislative districts only

        23         serves to marginalize the residents of those

        24         communities, and that is an anathema to the




.35




         1         ideals of both our State and our Nation.

         2         That splitting has occurred in the Staten

         3         Island portion of my district, as closely

         4         knit communities are split between the 23rd

         5         and the 24th Senate Districts.  The same is

         6         the case for my mid-Island district, in the

         7         New Dorp and South Beach and Midland Beach

         8         areas.

         9              On a final note, I would like to again

        10         state, as I did in my letter of July 2nd to

        11         the Legislative Task Force, that I also have

        12         asked that in an effort to more accurately

        13         gain input and testimony from all Staten

        14         Islanders and Brooklynites alike, an

        15         additional hearing be located at a more

        16         readily accessible venue in Staten Island,

        17         and that the hearing include the evening

        18         hours of 5:00 p.m. to 9:00 p.m., to allow

        19         those who work during the day a chance to

        20         attend these hearings.  The one scheduled

        21         here at the College of Staten Island, while

        22         it is a beautiful campus and a beautiful

        23         scenery, it is not a location at which many

        24         who would otherwise testify, particularly




.36




         1         from the North Shore of Staten Island, find

         2         accessible, and readily easy to get to by

         3         mass transit.

         4              Therefore, I request that when you come

         5         back with your preliminary plans, that you

         6         schedule an additional hearing in the St.

         7         George/Borough Hall area, near the ferry

         8         terminal.  This location is ideally suited

         9         for the greatest amount of community

        10         participation from Staten Island,

        11         particularly due to its central

        12         transportation hub of railroad, ferry and

        13         bus locations.  I hope that you will

        14         consider this request expeditiously.

        15              Again, I thank you for the opportunity

        16         to express my view, and look forward to more

        17         opportunities for dialogue on this most

        18         important matter of redistricting.

        19              Thank you very much.

        20              ASSEMBLYMAN PARMENT:    Senator.

        21              SENATOR DOLLINGER:    Just one

        22         question.  Your district, the 23rd District,

        23         as you point out, has been one of the

        24         fastest growing districts in the last decade




.37




         1         of the census.

         2              Has most of that growth occurred in the

         3         Staten Island portion of the district?

         4              SENATOR GENTILE:    It has been the

         5         Staten Island third of my district that has

         6         grown the largest.

         7              SENATOR DOLLINGER:    Do you see any

         8         reason -- you are familiar with the zoning,

         9         and the available open space, and the

        10         pattern of development.

        11              Would you anticipate that the rate of

        12         growth in that portion of Staten Island, the

        13         eastern portion of Staten Island, would

        14         continue through the next decade?

        15              SENATOR GENTILE:    I would say at

        16         least for the next ten years there will be a

        17         significant increase.  It has become a major

        18         issue on Staten Island, the rate of growth,

        19         but I would say over the next five to ten

        20         years, we will continue to see a rise.

        21              SENATOR DOLLINGER:    You would see the

        22         same trend in growth and development of new

        23         housing or the conversion of housing,

        24         single-family homes to multiple-family, or




.38




         1         however that new population comes to roost

         2         in Staten Island.  Your suggestion is that

         3         the population trend would continue?

         4              SENATOR GENTILE:    Would continue.

         5         Maybe not at the same rate, but it will

         6         continue to go up.  I would think more so

         7         than the other boroughs.

         8              SENATOR DOLLINGER:    Just so I am

         9         clear.  It is your sense that that portion

        10         of Staten Island would grow as it has in the

        11         past, at a faster rate than most of the rest

        12         of the City?

        13              SENATOR GENTILE:    Correct.

        14              SENATOR DOLLINGER:    The reason why I

        15         ask that is because, as you know, we have

        16         deviations that we can make a part of our

        17         process, in the sense -- and for those in

        18         the audience who may not know, we are under

        19         a constraint to make sure that the

        20         Congressional districts are all but

        21         completely equal in population.  The last

        22         time around, and other people would know

        23         this better than I, but we drew thirty-one

        24         Congressional seats, and they only differed




.39




         1         by one person.  They were all identical in

         2         size.

         3              In the Assembly districts and the

         4         Senate districts, we have the ability to

         5         vary the size of the district.  The target

         6         number for the Senate is 311,000, and for

         7         the Assembly it is 126,000 and change, and

         8         so we can make the districts either bigger

         9         or smaller.  One of the things that I think

        10         this commission needs to think about is, in

        11         areas of the State where we anticipate

        12         substantial growth, to deviate on the

        13         smaller side, so that in the middle of the

        14         next decade, by 2005, 2006, we won't end up

        15         in a position where if we put, for example,

        16         Senator, your district on the high side of

        17         that deviation, and your district continues

        18         to grow at 15% as it has over the last

        19         decade, we will end up with a district that

        20         is very large, and one that is substantially

        21         in excess of the norm.

        22              So, that is why my question to you is,

        23         it would be your opinion, based on

        24         representing this district for the last




.40




         1         decade, that the trend in further population

         2         in the eastern portion of Staten Island

         3         would continue, maybe not at the exact rate,

         4         but at something comparable.

         5              SENATOR GENTILE:    Maybe not at the

         6         exact rate, but I think it will continue to

         7         go up, and I think we have seen that over

         8         the last ten years with the fact that

         9         Senator Marchi's district is significantly

        10         over the 311,000, and my district is

        11         considerably over the 311,000, and that is

        12         due particularly to the Staten Island

        13         portion of my district.

        14              SENATOR DOLLINGER:    Thank you.

        15              SENATOR GENTILE:    Thank you.

        16              ASSEMBLYMAN PARMENT:    Thank you.  Mr.

        17         John Flateau.

        18              MR. FLATEAU:    Thank you for this

        19         opportunity to speak before you today.  I

        20         testified before the Task Force at the

        21         Brooklyn Hearing on May 18th, and made

        22         several recommendations concerning Task

        23         Force policies and procedures, public

        24         participation in the redistricting process,




.41




         1         and public access to redistricting

         2         information.  Other witnesses, both in

         3         Brooklyn and at other hearings, express

         4         similar concerns.  I commend the Task Force

         5         for making significant progress in

         6         addressing a number of these issues.

         7              I, and others, recommended, and the

         8         Task Force has recently announced, that a

         9         website will be set up , and that your

        10         databases, including political data, will be

        11         available to the public on CD-ROM's and for

        12         downloading from your website.  Your have

        13         also issued guidelines, preliminary

        14         guidelines, for the public to submit

        15         redistricting plans.

        16              I congratulate you for taking these

        17         steps to open up the process to public

        18         participation.  These are historic firsts

        19         for the State's chief redistricting body.

        20         However, I would like to mention a few

        21         concerns for your consideration.

        22              I would like to thank your Task Force

        23         Co-Chair, Assemblyman Parment, for

        24         participating in a recent conference on




.42




         1         Census and Redistricting at the CUNY

         2         Graduate Center, and sharing key information

         3         with the conferees, including your recently

         4         approved guidelines.

         5              First, I would note that the Task Force

         6         political database is to include election

         7         returns for the 1997 New York City

         8         elections, but the 1997 returns are not

         9         listed as part of the database to be sold to

        10         the public on CD-ROM and to be posted to

        11         your website.  I hope that this oversight

        12         will be corrected, and that this data will

        13         be made publicly available.  That particular

        14         election was the New York City Mayoral

        15         Primary, where you had black and white

        16         candidates running in the Democratic

        17         Primary, Ruth Messinger and Al Sharpton.

        18         So, that is a very important barometer, that

        19         election, that should be studied as you deal

        20         with the question and grapple with the issue

        21         of drawing voting rights districts.

        22              Secondly, I would note that your

        23         political database extends only back to

        24         1996.  During the 1992 redistricting round,




.43




         1         I was actively involved in a number of

         2         voting rights cases.  The 1992 PRLDEF v.

         3         Gantt, which had to do with Congressional

         4         and State Legislative redistricting.  In

         5         1997, the Diaz v. Silver case, which caused

         6         half of New York City's Congressional

         7         districts to be redrawn as a result of a

         8         voting rights lawsuit.

         9              The Task Force had a database at that

        10         time that extended back almost ten years,

        11         and as a certified voting rights witness

        12         expert, I can tell you that there were

        13         several important elections in 1992, 1993

        14         and 1994, whose data is important for racial

        15         bloc voting analysis and for Justice

        16         Department submissions.

        17              For example, the 1993 Mayoral general

        18         election contained a highly racially

        19         polarized Dinkins v. Guiliani contest, where

        20         over 90% of black voters voted for Dinkins,

        21         and approximately 80% of white voters voted

        22         for Guiliani.

        23              The 1994 general election contained the

        24         State Comptroller's contest, in which New




.44




         1         York elected Carl McCall, the State's first

         2         African-American statewide elected official.

         3              Incidentally, the McCall contest shows

         4         a variance from typical racially polarized

         5         voting.  In other words, that particular

         6         election data set argues the whole other

         7         side of the equation in terms of a racial

         8         voting.  So, you definitely, I think, want

         9         to have that in your database arsenal.

        10              I urge that you add these elections,

        11         and after further research, additional local

        12         elections, including specific primary and

        13         general elections, to the Task Force

        14         political databases, and those local

        15         elections will vary from community to

        16         community.  For example, I mentioned the

        17         1993 Mayoral election in New York City.

        18         Well, that does not apply anywhere else in

        19         New York State.  So, there could be

        20         significant elections in Rochester, Buffalo

        21         and Nassau County.  I would urge that you

        22         research out those local elections that

        23         might provide the kinds of barometers and

        24         data that you are going to need as you do




.45




         1         your work.

         2              Third, my review of Task Force

         3         guidelines notes an omission as to the

         4         specific ground rules for submission of

         5         redistricting plans by the public.  You

         6         clearly signal your intent that technical

         7         requirements for public plan submissions

         8         will not be particularly onerous.  This is

         9         commendable, but further details should be

        10         provided.  I would just note the discussion

        11         that took place between you, Senator

        12         Dollinger, and the chairman of Planning

        13         Board 10.  The public needs to be very clear

        14         about what those minimal requirements are.

        15         Can he just come back in with the map of

        16         Planning Board 10, or do you want him to

        17         have 9, 11 and 12 attached?  What are the

        18         minimal requirements that the public, you

        19         know, both professionals and civilians, are

        20         going to have to abide by, in order for you

        21         to seriously consider our work.  It is

        22         important to get this information out.

        23              There are also no particular submission

        24         deadlines mentioned, and, as you know, it is




.46




         1         going to be particularly a major undertaking

         2         and a lengthy undertaking for those of us

         3         doing this work.  So, it would be

         4         appropriate for you to advise us as far in

         5         advance as possible what the deadlines are

         6         that we will working against.

         7              At the above referenced conference that

         8         I mentioned, the Census conference,

         9         Assemblyman Parment gave some indication

        10         that probably or approximately around

        11         February of 2002, would be the time that

        12         your work might conclude and go forward to

        13         the Legislature.  So, two key questions are,

        14         if February, 2002, is the target date for

        15         making your proposals to the Legislature,

        16         working backwards from those dates, what

        17         would be the dates by which the public must

        18         submit their proposals to you, in order for

        19         you to give those submissions serious

        20         consideration, before you make your

        21         recommendations to the Legislature.

        22              Another issue relates to hearing

        23         logistics.  The next round of public

        24         hearings should have more advanced




.47




         1         publicity, should include evening and

         2         weekend schedules, and I would echo Senator

         3         Gentile's observation that they should be at

         4         highly accessible locations, as well.

         5              The next point is not on the page, but

         6         I will mention it.  It is very important.

         7         Use of adjusted data, and this issue has

         8         come up here by inference.  I think if any

         9         of us that are following the media accounts

        10         as the census data is being released, it is

        11         clear that there is another undercount.  It

        12         is not nearly what it was ten years ago, but

        13         there is another undercount out there, and

        14         it is my understanding that the New York

        15         State Legislature has in its power the

        16         decision as to whether or not you will use

        17         adjusted data, at least for State

        18         Legislative redistricting.  You can decide

        19         whether or not you want to use adjusted

        20         data, and I would strongly urge that you use

        21         adjusted data for State Legislative

        22         redistricting.

        23              Because of another point that Senator

        24         Dollinger raised in the discussion with




.48




         1         Senator Gentile, about deviations, the other

         2         option you have is that if you know there

         3         are certain areas that have been

         4         undercounted, and those tend to be

         5         communities that are poor communities,

         6         immigrant communities and minority

         7         communities, you have the option of using

         8         the downside of those deviations.  So that,

         9         for example, if you know in Central Brooklyn

        10         there is a general undercount there, rather

        11         than drawing Senate districts at 311,000,

        12         you have it within your power -- I think you

        13         work with a 10% overall deviation, and you

        14         could draw those districts smaller than

        15         311,000.  So we would urge that you consider

        16         that option if the adjusted data decision

        17         does not materialize.

        18              Finally and respectfully, once again I

        19         call your attention to what I call the great

        20         "Achilles Heel" of this important

        21         governmental body, in terms of your public

        22         credibility and policy legitimacy.  In the

        23         great State of New York, which is over 25%

        24         Black, Latino and Asian, according to Census




.49




         1         2000, the entire six member Task Force

         2         consists of a culturally monochromatic six

         3         white males.  With the recent expiration of

         4         the Task Force's enabling statute and its

         5         required renewal, just before the recent

         6         legislative recess, the Legislature had a

         7         golden opportunity to rectify this inequity.

         8         I have read the letters.  I have read the

         9         legislative transcript of that discussion

        10         that took place, and the results are

        11         wanting.

        12              What we have at this point is

        13         bicameral, bipartisan, what I would describe

        14         as political warfare, accusations, finger-

        15         pointing, and exchanges of missives, but the

        16         problem has not been solved.  One of the

        17         proposals would have held harmless everyone

        18         that is sitting at this rostrum today.  No

        19         one would have to leave their seat.  The

        20         proposal, as I saw it in the Senate, would

        21         have recommended that additional

        22         appointments be made by the same appointing

        23         authorities, which would give all appointing

        24         authorities the option to balance out this




.50




         1         Task Force.  So that, instead, we still have

         2         a situation where, with all due respect, you

         3         have an all-white jury making the decision

         4         about the political legislative

         5         representation for all New Yorkers, and that

         6         is not acceptable.

         7              I would ask that folks take a step

         8         back.  You may need to bring in an

         9         independent arbitrator.  Maybe you can get

        10         Cardinal Eagen or the Federal Mediation

        11         Board or somebody to come in and resolve

        12         this issue, because it will get resolved.

        13              Twenty years ago, I was privileged to

        14         be a part of a voting rights case, and

        15         Anderson, by the way, was Senate Majority

        16         Leader Warren Anderson.  That is the

        17         Anderson.  I worked for the Legislature

        18         twenty years ago, and that case was decided

        19         by Thurgood Marshall.  The Federal Courts

        20         intervened.  They superseded the

        21         Legislature, to insure that New Yorkers were

        22         guaranteed fair representation.

        23              I would urge that you, the People's

        24         branch, get your own house in order before




.51




         1         others intervene and perform this task for

         2         you.  You are to be commended for carrying

         3         out this difficulty and awesome

         4         responsibility of the redesigning New York's

         5         political representation for years to come.

         6         You are admonished to provide equal

         7         opportunity, fair representation, and

         8         justice for all New Yorkers.

         9              Thank you.

        10              ASSEMBLYMAN PARMENT:    Roman.

        11              DR. HEDGES:    A couple of

        12         observations.  I think in terms of public

        13         access and which particular election results

        14         will be available to the public, it is

        15         definitely a question that we are doing

        16         research on.  I think the initial idea of

        17         focusing on the last three elections had to

        18         do with our ability, as a practical matter,

        19         to tie the census data and the election data

        20         together, in a way that was technically

        21         sound.  When we go back to some of the

        22         earlier elections, it is not really possible

        23         to tie those elections to the 2000 Census,

        24         but we are exploring the question of whether




.52




         1         we can properly tie them to the 1990 Census,

         2         as an alternative that is, both from a

         3         statistical point of view and a practical

         4         point of view, a viable one.

         5              But I think your suggestions are ones

         6         that we will take seriously, and I think

         7         that Senator Dollinger has previously made

         8         similar requests, and we are in the process

         9         of exploring them and researching them and

        10         trying to come to a good technical solution

        11         to the practical problems of changes of the

        12         election district borders and changes of the

        13         census bloc borders that are profound

        14         between the two censuses.

        15              That having been said, I think that

        16         your practical observations are definitely

        17         in order and something that we will explore,

        18         and if you have got more detailed

        19         suggestions, we would be happy to take them

        20         seriously and take them into consideration.

        21              As I said, I think Senator Dollinger

        22         did make similar kinds of requests for

        23         historical data in our meeting in Albany a

        24         few weeks ago, and we are trying to do the




.53




         1         research to make sure we have good technical

         2         answers for the questions posed.

         3              On the observation, with regard to --

         4              MR. FLATEAU:    Could I just ask a

         5         question?

         6              DR. HEDGES:    Sure, John.

         7              MR. FLATEAU:    If I am interpreting

         8         your comments correctly, you are saying --

         9         is there a problem with transference of

        10         voting.  The voter tabulation district

        11         geography --

        12              DR. HEDGES:    Yes.

        13              MR. FLATEAU:    -- cannot capture data,

        14         electoral data --

        15              DR. HEDGES:    That is right.

        16              MR. FLATEAU:    -- going back that far.

        17              DR. HEDGES:    The election districts

        18         changed quite a bit between 1992, 1993, 1994

        19         and 1998.  There is very little change

        20         between 1996 and 2000, which is why we are

        21         reasonably confident that we could do the

        22         translations, but if we try to go further

        23         back in history, and tie them to the 2000

        24         Census, you have two different technical




.54




         1         issues.

         2              One is, what was really on the street

         3         at the time?  Is it the 2000 Census or the

         4         1990 Census?  When you are looking at the

         5         1993 election, I think the technicians would

         6         argue that perhaps you are better off tieing

         7         it to the 1990 Census than the 2000 Census.

         8         As a technical matter, it is hard to do the

         9         2000 Census anyway, and relatively easier to

        10         do the 1990 Census.  So, we are trying to do

        11         that research and come to a good technical

        12         solution, and I think if we can come to a

        13         solution that seems technically reasonable,

        14         then we will make the information available

        15         and we will use it ourselves, and I think

        16         the position that the Assembly Majority has

        17         taken is, if we are going to use it in our

        18         own analysis, we would like it available to

        19         the public.  We are exploring that question

        20         with the other parties.  But I think that

        21         everyone is headed in that direction, and

        22         so, I do not think it is anything other than

        23         the practical questions of what will the

        24         experts tell us works and what doesn't.  We




.55




         1         do not want to use bad information.  We want

         2         to use good information that is relevant to

         3         the question at hand, and I think your

         4         observation about some of the particular

         5         elections, the 1993 elections in New York

         6         City, the 1994 Comptroller election, those

         7         are important sources of information.  We

         8         would like to be able to use them.  We want

         9         to make sure we are using them properly, and

        10         if we use them, we would like to make them

        11         available, and I think we are headed in that

        12         direction.  I do not think we finished the

        13         work.

        14              With respect to the composition of the

        15         Task Force, I am not going to take issue

        16         with you, but I would make this observation,

        17         and I think it is a particularly salient

        18         observation.  This Task Force is not making

        19         a decision.  This Task Force is making a

        20         recommendation.  The Legislature is making a

        21         decision.  If I look at the Legislature, I

        22         look at the leadership in the Assembly.  I

        23         look at the Chairman that I work for.

        24              MR. FLATEAU:    Right.




.56




         1              DR. HEDGES:    The diversity that you

         2         are seeking is there, and the Assembly is

         3         not going to make a decision without

         4         reflecting that diversity.

         5              I am not going to speak for anybody

         6         else, but I just have no hesitancy in making

         7         that observation.  Whether I look at the

         8         leadership posts in the Assembly, whether I

         9         look at the chairmanships in the Assembly,

        10         whether I look at the individual rank and

        11         file membership of the Assembly, there is

        12         simply no question that the racial

        13         diversity, the ethnic diversity, the

        14         political diversity of the State is well-

        15         reflected in the Assembly, and I am proud of

        16         that, and I am proud to be making

        17         recommendations to them, but I am mindful of

        18         the fact that is what I am doing.  I am

        19         making a recommendation, and they are making

        20         a decision, and I expect that that diversity

        21         will be front and center in the decisions of

        22         the Assembly.  You know that and I know

        23         that.

        24              I am not going to disagree with you




.57




         1         about your observations about the Task

         2         Force.  I am not trying to be controversial

         3         here, but you know as well as I that a David

         4         Gantt, who used to serve as the chair of

         5         this committee, is going to be a voice and a

         6         force in the decisions of the Assembly, as

         7         it comes to redistricting.

         8              A Denny Farrell, a Clarence Norman, a

         9         former member Ramirez, a current member

        10         Rivera, two Riveras actually, these are

        11         forces in our decision-making process, and

        12         they represent the diversity of the State,

        13         as does Chris Ortloff from the North

        14         Country.

        15              As I said, I am pleased to be making

        16         recommendations to them, and glad that they

        17         are making the decision.

        18              ASSEMBLYMAN ORTLOFF:    I have got one

        19         question that I just throw out and invite

        20         you to maybe think about it and send us a

        21         letter.  I do not think we have the time,

        22         but it is a fascinating question, and I pose

        23         it to both Dr. Hedges and yourself, and it

        24         is this.  Is it a better assessment of




.58




         1         racial bloc voting patterns, to choose an

         2         election in which the candidates were

         3         racially polarized, or an election in which

         4         the candidate or the issue was more generic?

         5              In other words, in a situation where

         6         people perceive themselves as being in one

         7         group or another, and the candidates are

         8         perceived as being champions of one group or

         9         another, isn't it kind of a no-brainer to

        10         expect people to go to their respective

        11         corners and act accordingly, and does that

        12         really tell us as much as if we choose an

        13         election race in which the behavior of the

        14         voters is more evident because of the

        15         generic nature of the choice?  I would like

        16         to hear your response.

        17              MR. FLATEAU:    I think you raise a

        18         methodological question, so that the answer

        19         to that is, yes, you should look at both

        20         types of elections.  That is why I pointed

        21         out that the McCall contest is actually on

        22         one side of that ledger, and when you look

        23         at Dinkins, for example, the two Dinkins-

        24         Giuliani contests, they are on the other




.59




         1         side of that ledger, that whole question of

         2         racial bloc voting.  So, you want to have

         3         both kinds of elections to look at.

         4              ASSEMBLYMAN ORTLOFF:    So, it is the

         5         range that tells you more than --

         6              MR. FLATEAU:    Sometimes the people

         7         fool us all; right?  They vote the way they

         8         want, not the way social scientists and

         9         politicians like to analyze their behavior.

        10              ASSEMBLYMAN ORTLOFF:    And it humbles

        11         us all, doesn't it.

        12              MR. FLATEAU:    We should look at the

        13         whole array.

        14              ASSEMBLYMAN ORTLOFF:    The other thing

        15         I wanted to say, John, was, in terms of your

        16         question about when people ought to submit

        17         plans.  I think a number of us heard the

        18         Speaker and Assemblyman Parment, at a news

        19         conference in Albany a couple of weeks ago,

        20         at least I thought I heard them say that

        21         they hoped a draft would be available before

        22         the end of this year, which I took to mean

        23         late November or, given the holidays, not

        24         much later than the first of December.  So,




.60




         1         I would say to you and anybody else that is

         2         thinking of doing plans, as a practical

         3         matter, I would think the date would be

         4         September 1st, because if you do not get a

         5         plan on the table, if it doesn't, you know,

         6         take its seat in the auditorium and say, I'm

         7         here and I want to be considered, chances

         8         are that it might not get considered, but

         9         more importantly, it might not have time to

        10         be a part of the process.

        11              The way I look at these plans is, the

        12         plans are speaking for themselves, and if

        13         there are twenty plans out there, the plans,

        14         in effect, are going to have a dialogue and

        15         a debate on their own merits, and that is

        16         going to carry the day more than what we say

        17         about them, but if they are not out there --

        18         you make a very eloquent statement here, but

        19         it is not the equivalent of a plan on paper

        20         that says, here is, you know, what we want

        21         to do and let's go critique it.

        22              MR. FLATEAU:    That is six weeks.

        23              ASSEMBLYMAN ORTLOFF:    I know.

        24              MR. FLATEAU:    Who knows?  If I




.61




         1         weren't at this hearing, I would not have

         2         known that.

         3              ASSEMBLYMAN ORTLOFF:    John, do not

         4         misconstrue what I am saying.  That is just

         5         my personal opinion.  The earlier the

         6         better.

         7              MR. FLATEAU:    I am just following.  I

         8         am trying to digest.

         9              ASSEMBLYMAN ORTLOFF:    Get it out

        10         there.

        11              MR. FLATEAU:    I will spread the word,

        12         believe me.

        13              DR. HEDGES:    Let me join in on this a

        14         little bit though, because you asked a

        15         couple of other questions that I did not

        16         respond to that I think I would like to.

        17              You asked how complete and how

        18         technically sound.  Obviously, the more

        19         complete and the more technically sound, the

        20         easier it is to respond directly to the

        21         recommendation that is being made.

        22              MR. FLATEAU:    Can a party just submit

        23         one district?

        24              DR. HEDGES:    Absolutely.




.62




         1              MR. FLATEAU:    Would that be

         2         considered?

         3              DR. HEDGES:    Absolutely, no question

         4         about it, and if you want to use the history

         5         of the Task Force as a way of getting at

         6         some of those kind of questions -- and I

         7         think it is relevant -- look back ten years.

         8         In the Assembly, there were 150 or so plans

         9         submitted, ranging from single district

        10         plans to partial district plans to whole

        11         geographic areas.  All of them were looked

        12         at.  All of them were incorporated in the

        13         record.  All of them were submitted to the

        14         Justice Department.  All of them were

        15         submitted to the Courts.  There is simply no

        16         question that if somebody gave us something

        17         to look at, we did our best to look at it.

        18              That having been said, I think Chris'

        19         point is correct.  The earlier the better.

        20         The more time people have to work with it,

        21         the more time people have to respond to it,

        22         the more complete and comprehensive and

        23         thoughtful the response can be.  So,

        24         certainly, the sooner the better.




.63




         1              Is September 1st anything important?

         2         No, not in my mind, but, gosh, if I got

         3         something next week, I got more time to work

         4         with it than if I get it next January.

         5              We will be having conversations about

         6         formal deadlines, but independent of that,

         7         the sooner the better.

         8              MR. FLATEAU:    Could I ask another

         9         question?  Does the Task Force have a

        10         preference in terms of plans drawn on census

        11         track boundary or voter tabulation district

        12         boundaries?

        13              DR. HEDGES:    Again, those are

        14         conversations that we have not completed

        15         ourselves, but that having been said, look

        16         at the State Constitutional requirements for

        17         State Legislative lines.  They must be done

        18         at the bloc level inside of cities.  They

        19         must be done at the town level in --

        20              MR. FLATEAU:    But bloc levels are co-

        21         terminus with census tract --

        22              DR. HEDGES:    Tracts or groups of

        23         blocs.

        24              MR. FLATEAU:    -- and VTD.




.64




         1              DR. HEDGES:    Right, but the State

         2         Constitution says, bloc.  Will we look at

         3         tract level plans, absolutely.  Will we look

         4         at VTD level plans, absolutely.  Will we

         5         look at bloc level plans, absolutely.

         6              You asked about the comprehensiveness

         7         and the technical detail of it, I am making

         8         a technical observation here.  I am not

         9         making a recommendation to you.  As a

        10         technical matter, when the State finally

        11         does a plan for State Legislative lines

        12         inside of cities, they have to be bloc on

        13         border.  Will we hold anybody's plan to that

        14         standard, that is silly.  That is a

        15         technical standard.  It is important.  It is

        16         a powerful one person/one vote requirement.

        17         It is the most thoughtful one person/one

        18         vote requirement in the Country,

        19         unambiguously, and it is more than a hundred

        20         years old in New York.  It is not thirty-

        21         five years old like everybody else's one

        22         person/one vote standard, but that having

        23         been said, we cannot expect people to comply

        24         at that level.  It is just not reasonable.




.65




         1         But if somebody did it, would that be a

         2         better plan, sure.

         3              If you want to work at the tract level,

         4         that is cool.  If you want to work at the

         5         VTD level, that is cool.  Understand that if

         6         we look at a plan that is at the VTD level

         7         or at the tract level, at the end of the

         8         day, if it is not bloc on border technically

         9         sound, we could not accept it wholesale.

        10         Could we accept the concept of it, could we

        11         work with the ideas imbedded in it and make

        12         the technical refinements, yes, we could,

        13         and I think we would be happy to do that,

        14         and I think our experience from ten years

        15         ago is such that you know that we are

        16         capable of doing that --

        17              MR. FLATEAU:    Right.

        18              DR. HEDGES:    -- and that, at least

        19         from my own personal point of view, as I

        20         talk with my colleagues here on the Task

        21         Force, that is the recommendation I am

        22         making.

        23              MR. FLATEAU:    Bloc on border is,

        24         generally, only critical for the




.66




         1         Congressional redistricting.

         2              DR. HEDGES:    No.  The State

         3         Constitution says, for State Assembly within

         4         cities, they must be bloc on border

         5         balanced.  That is the Constitution --

         6              MR. FLATEAU:    Within a county.

         7              DR. HEDGES:    Within a city.

         8              MR. FLATEAU:    You have different

         9         deviations within the five counties of New

        10         York City.

        11              DR. HEDGES:    That is right, and

        12         counties are recognized as legitimate reason

        13         for varying from that, but, for example, in

        14         the City of Albany, there is no --

        15              MR. FLATEAU:    We need -- we would

        16         like, you know, a little short to-do list.

        17         The Task Force needs to put it out there,

        18         because I am up here having a technical

        19         dialogue, and there is only -- only three of

        20         the eight speakers showed up here.  So that

        21         means there is a whole world out there that

        22         is not privy to this conversation.  Now, I

        23         know what I am going to do, but --

        24              DR. HEDGES:    John, let me follow




.67




         1         through on that.

         2              Part of the reason I am saying, and

         3         part of the reason I think Assemblyman

         4         Parment said at your conference, that these

         5         technical standards, we cannot hold the

         6         public responsible for complying with every

         7         one of them, because nobody knows these

         8         rules.  These are powerful constraints on

         9         the Task Force.  They are powerful

        10         constraints on the Legislature, but they are

        11         not about the concept of, here's my

        12         community, I would like it represented.  We

        13         have to be willing to accept, here's my

        14         community, I would like it represented.

        15         Here's a draft plan.  We think it works

        16         pretty well.  Is it going to comply with

        17         every rule, no, it's not.  Is the Task Force

        18         going to have to both understand that the

        19         public isn't going to know every rule and be

        20         tolerant of that, if they don't, they are

        21         making a mistake.  They have to be tolerant

        22         of that.

        23              My point to you is, you and I can have

        24         that conversation, but once we have had that




.68




         1         conversation, even though you've got thirty

         2         years experience doing this stuff, the same

         3         as I do, these are not rules that are easy

         4         to understand.  These are not rules that are

         5         technically just there and everybody can

         6         follow them.  These are real powerful

         7         constraints.  We have to be tolerant, as

         8         people make mistakes, that we accepted their

         9         concept, reason with them sensibly, and then

        10         made the technical corrections that need to

        11         be made.

        12              MR. FLATEAU:    I would ask, though,

        13         that the Task Force put out something like,

        14         I don't know, a memorandum or a guideline, a

        15         one-pager, with the minimum requirements --

        16              DR. HEDGES:    But what I am saying to

        17         you, John --

        18              MR. FLATEAU:    -- that you or your

        19         technical staff will have to work with in

        20         order to seriously consider a submission.

        21              DR. HEDGES:    I am not going to try to

        22         reject your request, but let me just say

        23         this up front, before we get to the point of

        24         having a one-pager.




.69




         1              MR. FLATEAU:    Or one paragraph.

         2              DR. HEDGES:    There has to be a

         3         dialogue.  There has to be reasonability on

         4         our part or we are not engaged in this in a

         5         serious way, and my point to you is, is not

         6         that I do not think your suggestion is a

         7         good one -- I think it is a fine one -- but

         8         that no matter what we write down, no matter

         9         what communications we have, at the end of

        10         the day, if the Task Force is not tolerant

        11         of mistakes made by the community as they

        12         try to provide public input, then the Task

        13         Force has missed its own point.

        14              That having been said, you give us

        15         something, you talk to us, we will take it

        16         into account.  We will do the best we can to

        17         respond sensibly.  We will try to consider

        18         what it is that you have to say, and -- this

        19         is not directed at you, this is directed to

        20         the public -- anybody who submits anything,

        21         we will take a look at it.  We will do the

        22         best we can with it.  We will try to have a

        23         dialogue with you about it.

        24              Obviously, the more technically sound,




.70




         1         the more comprehensive, the more thoughtful,

         2         the better it is, but that does not mean

         3         anything about somebody who has got an idea

         4         about their community, who wants to convey

         5         it to us, other than we will listen.  We

         6         have to.

         7              SENATOR DOLLINGER:    I think Dr.

         8         Hedges was correct that that kind of

         9         technical discussion is binding upon us, but

        10         maybe beyond the grasp of many people in the

        11         public, and we are going to have to deal

        12         with that in some way.

        13              John, my question deals with a bigger

        14         issue that I think is at the heart of what

        15         New York State is all about, and you

        16         mentioned it, and that is the question of

        17         the undercount.

        18              You have said that there is evidence of

        19         an undercount.  Putting aside for a moment

        20         whether we should look to get adjusted data

        21         from the Census Bureau, whether we can,

        22         whether we should -- putting that issue

        23         aside for a second -- in order to have the

        24         kind of exactitude that we would need in




.71




         1         order to draw the districts premised on some

         2         kind of undercount, using the smaller sizes,

         3         shrinking the districts, we would need to

         4         have a reasonably good idea of where that

         5         undercount is.

         6              You use the description of poor

         7         neighbors, people of color.  That, as you

         8         know, and certainly in this city and in the

         9         city I come from, is such a broad term, only

        10         in the sense that we could not pinpoint

        11         exactly where it is, to take it into

        12         account, when we draw the district lines.

        13              My question to you is (a) do you have

        14         the capability to do that, to tell us where

        15         the undercount might be present with some

        16         specificity, and secondly, do you know

        17         whether we could do that ourselves and how

        18         we could go about doing that?  Do you have a

        19         recommendation to us, if you do not have the

        20         capability, where we could try to figure out

        21         where the undercount is?

        22              MR. FLATEAU:    Sure.  I think there

        23         are a number of social scientists.  In fact,

        24         Assemblyman Parment, you were at that




.72




         1         conference.  There were a number of social

         2         scientists there that are working with the

         3         2000 data, that sociologists and political

         4         scientists I think could probably come up

         5         with some estimates.  In your universities,

         6         right in your own areas, there are probably

         7         experts that can work with that.

         8              I saw a report that the -- I believe

         9         the U.S. Census Monitoring Board released an

        10         undercount report, down to county level, I

        11         believe.  It was down to county level.  So

        12         that you would be able to at least zero in

        13         on, you know, Monroe County versus Kings

        14         County or Richmond County, where we are now.

        15         The percentage undercount estimate, you

        16         know, in your area would be a very different

        17         number.

        18              SENATOR DOLLINGER:    Right, but my

        19         question is, given the exactitude that we

        20         have to have, we would not -- let's take

        21         Kings County, for example.  We would need to

        22         know where in Kings County that undercount

        23         occurs.

        24              MR. FLATEAU:    Yes.




.73




         1              SENATOR DOLLINGER:    Just the notion

         2         that there is a statistical study that says

         3         Kings County is undercounted by 4% or 5% or

         4         6% --

         5              MR. FLATEAU:    Well, I was just

         6         indicating that as a base line, to let you

         7         know that there is already undercount data

         8         released by official Federal bodies, and

         9         then the social scientists can massage that

        10         information and others and the census data

        11         itself and work with local planning offices,

        12         for example.  Every county has one, every

        13         city has one, and I am sure they could come

        14         up with the kind of precise data down to

        15         probably tract level, in most instances,

        16         that I believe you are saying you need to

        17         get your hands on.

        18              SENATOR DOLLINGER:    Okay.  Given that

        19         fact, would it be your recommendation that

        20         at some point it would be in the best

        21         interest of this commission's or this Task

        22         Force's trying to deal with the issue of the

        23         undercount, that we should have a hearing

        24         that would be devoted solely to the




.74




         1         undercount issue, and we would bring in a

         2         type of sociological demographic experts,

         3         and my assumption is that that is not

         4         something that can -- how do I say this --

         5         we need to give people time to massage that

         6         data or work that data.  To do it in the

         7         next month, may not make a lot of sense, but

         8         to do it sometime in October or November

         9         might.  Is that a fair --

        10              MR. FLATEAU:    Yes.  I think that is

        11         quite doable.

        12              SENATOR DOLLINGER:    But -- I just

        13         want to be clear.  If we are going to try to

        14         deal with the notion that New York, given

        15         its history, has been undercounted, and that

        16         we have some evidence that an undercount may

        17         exist now, is it your judgment that it is

        18         incumbent upon us to go out and try to

        19         figure out where that specifically is?

        20              MR. FLATEAU:    Yes, I think it is, and

        21         do not forget, it is not just a racial

        22         dimension.  It is a geographic dimension.

        23         Most of your Upstate cities in New York are

        24         down in population, and I think part of that




.75




         1         decline is probably due to an undercount.

         2         So, I think probably every major

         3         municipality around this State has a vested

         4         interest in digging into this issue, and I

         5         am saying a combination of their local --

         6         usually it is the local planning officials,

         7         social scientists and census officials, and

         8         the data that they are putting out, I think

         9         you could fairly quickly -- do not forget

        10         the technology today is light years ahead of

        11         where it was ten years ago.  So, I do not

        12         think it is unreasonable that in thirty to

        13         forty-five days you could have a fairly

        14         substantial area analysis that addresses

        15         that question.  And I also agree with your

        16         recommendation that a way to pull this

        17         particular set of experts is maybe to do a

        18         special meeting or hearing just on that

        19         topic, and you will get those social

        20         scientists at the table.  I work with a

        21         number of them right here in the City, who I

        22         think could help you get to the heart of

        23         that question.

        24              SENATOR DOLLINGER:    Okay.  I think




.76




         1         that is certainly something I would like to

         2         explore in the future.

         3              Let me just add one other thing.  The

         4         reason why there has been a lot of talk

         5         about the extent of the database going back

         6         to 1996, and whether we ought to go back

         7         further, I would just tell you that one of

         8         the things that drives me to the conclusion

         9         that we need broader data is that

        10         reapportionment itself changes the political

        11         landscape.  As you well know, certainly in

        12         the last thirty years in this State, it has

        13         created new opportunities for new voices in

        14         New York.  Because of the impact of the

        15         Voting Rights Act, it has created what some

        16         may have thought fifty years ago was unheard

        17         of, that is, primaries involving not only

        18         African-Americans paired against one

        19         another, but African-Americans paired

        20         against Puerto Ricans, Caribbeans, Whites.

        21         You name the --

        22              MR. FLATEAU:    And African-American

        23         Republican insurgents trying to knock off

        24         White incumbent Democrats in most unlikely




.77




         1         of places.  Yes, all of that.

         2              SENATOR DOLLINGER:    All of those

         3         things.

         4              MR. FLATEAU:    Yes.

         5              SENATOR DOLLINGER:    It seems to me,

         6         before we draw or as we draw conclusions

         7         about political cohesive and political

         8         voting patterns, the post-reapportionment

         9         years, the years immediately following

        10         reapportionment, 1992, 1993, 1994, as

        11         candidates aspire to new seats, or seek to

        12         fill old seats, or incumbents are paired

        13         against one another, and when those who lose

        14         those opportunities seek office elsewhere by

        15         running -- those denied a seat in the

        16         Assembly or the Senate, jump into the City

        17         Council races -- those can be critical,

        18         because reapportionment does have the impact

        19         of reshuffling the political deck, and that

        20         is why I think that the data from the early

        21         and mid-90's becomes critically important to

        22         evaluate it, and I would -- I mean, I go

        23         back, I guess all politics is local.  It

        24         would be fascinating to apply many of these




.78




         1         principles to the Mayoral primary in the

         2         City of Rochester in 1993, in which there

         3         were White, African-American and Puerto

         4         Rican candidates, and the decided underdog

         5         three weeks before has been the Mayor for

         6         the last ten years.  So, I think all of that

         7         suggests -- and I understand the technical

         8         problems that Dr. Hedges has referred to,

         9         but if what we really want is a picture of

        10         what New Yorkers -- how New Yorkers vote,

        11         how they think and to what extent

        12         reapportionment will impact them, I think we

        13         need a decade's worth of data to do it.

        14              MR. FLATEAU:    I agree.

        15              ASSEMBLYMAN PARMENT:    Thank you,

        16         John.

        17              MR. FLATEAU:    Thank you.

        18              ASSEMBLYMAN PARMENT:    Alec Brook-

        19         Krasny.

        20              MR. BROOK-KRASNY:    My name is Alec

        21         Brook-Krasny, and I had the privilege last

        22         year to be the first Russian in New York in

        23         running for the political office.  I've been

        24         knocked off the ballot, but I received




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         1         fifteen hundred write-ins that I'm proud of,

         2         and I am here to express my opinion about

         3         facts that I will try to extend to you

         4         today, and rumors that are circulating in

         5         our community.

         6              I will be speaking in regards to 46th

         7         Assembly District, which is formed by

         8         neighborhoods of Brighton Beach, Luna Park,

         9         Warbasse Development, Trump Village, Beach

        10         Haven, Coney Island, Seagate, Bay Ridge and

        11         Dyker Heights.

        12              It is a very diverse district, but one

        13         of the ethnic groups in the area has been

        14         growing tremendously in the past fifteen

        15         years.  That group is Russian-American

        16         ethnic group.

        17              The human spirit of Russian-Americans

        18         has transformed out neighborhoods, and I am

        19         talking not only about Brighton Beach but

        20         all neighborhoods nearby.

        21              I am proud of my community.  I think we

        22         have done a wonderful and very speedy job

        23         reaching the middle class in America.  We

        24         have top doctors, lawyers, computer experts,




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         1         business leaders.

         2              America has been great for us.  There

         3         is one thing that we have not yet achieved

         4         in this Country, and that is political

         5         office.

         6              I am proud to be one of the people who

         7         has been involved in creating some changes

         8         in my community in those regards.  Within a

         9         short period of time, we registered just

        10         thousands of people, and we have prepared

        11         them for exercising one of the main rights,

        12         the right to vote.  We changed our

        13         community.  Russian-American people want to

        14         vote, and elect their own representatives in

        15         election offices.  We are about to do that,

        16         but we are very concerned about the process

        17         of redistricting.

        18              The rumors that the incumbent, who is

        19         not getting very much along with Russian-

        20         American community, is trying to change the

        21         borders of 46th Assembly District in a

        22         certain way, so the Russian-American

        23         community will be broke up in pieces and

        24         lose the opportunity to elect their own




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         1         representatives.

         2              You have a community both a quarter of

         3         a million people in Brooklyn alone, but

         4         120,000 of them live in South Brooklyn.

         5              This Task Force is meeting with

         6         different communities, and I think it would

         7         be very appropriate if you meet the Russian

         8         community in South Brooklyn.

         9              All we want, just leave borders of 46th

        10         as it is, so we are going to be able to

        11         elect our own representatives.

        12              I know you have a very difficult job,

        13         this Task Force.  Just make it in 46th and

        14         where border says it is.

        15              This Country has been great to us, and

        16         please give us the opportunity to do

        17         something big and important in return for

        18         that.

        19              Thank you very much.

        20              ASSEMBLYMAN PARMENT:    Could you give

        21         us more specific information about where the

        22         Russian community is concentrated?  You

        23         mentioned several neighborhoods, but could

        24         you put it in terms of major streets or




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         1         boulevards?

         2              MR. BROOK-KRASNY:    I wouldn't be able

         3         to do it in regards to streets and

         4         boulevards, but Russian-Americans are

         5         everywhere in Brooklyn now, and we are

         6         talking about Brighton Beach, Coney Island,

         7         Boro Park, Bensonhurst, Bay Ridge, Dyker

         8         Heights, Far Rockaway, Starrett City, and

         9         some other areas.  It is a huge community in

        10         Brooklyn.

        11              ASSEMBLYMAN PARMENT:    But do you

        12         basically feel that the 46th Assembly

        13         District, as currently constituted,

        14         accurately reflects the opportunity for

        15         Russian community residents to elect a

        16         person of their choosing?

        17              MR. BROOK-KRASNY:    Absolutely, sir,

        18         yes.  And the reason on Staten Island there

        19         are rumors circulating in the community that

        20         the incumbent is trying to create this Task

        21         Force to either cut up 46th or add up a huge

        22         part of Staten Island.  That is the reason I

        23         am on Staten Island today.

        24              ASSEMBLYMAN PARMENT:    Would the




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         1         Russian community be also prominent in Dyker

         2         Heights/Bay Ridge?

         3              MR. BROOK-KRASNY:    In Bay Ridge, yes.

         4         In Dyker Heights, we don't have a huge

         5         amount of people, but we do have Russian-

         6         Americans living in Dyker Heights, yes, sir.

         7              ASSEMBLYMAN PARMENT:    Thank you.

         8              MR. BROOK-KRASNY:    Thank you.

         9              ASSEMBLYMAN PARMENT:    Senator.

        10              SENATOR DOLLINGER:    Just one

        11         question.  What is your estimate, or maybe

        12         you know, of the population of

        13         Russian-Americans in this portion of

        14         Brooklyn, the southwest portion of Brooklyn?

        15              MR. BROOK-KRASNY:    Senator, are you

        16         talking about 46th District or the whole

        17         area of South Brooklyn?

        18              SENATOR DOLLINGER:    I am trying to

        19         find out, outside the 46th District,

        20         including all the other neighborhoods

        21         surrounding it, what would by your best

        22         estimate of the population of Russian-

        23         Americans in this neck of Brooklyn?

        24              MR. BROOK-KRASNY:    We are estimating




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         1         200,000 people.

         2              SENATOR DOLLINGER:    I would just add

         3         a private thought.  It is so wonderful to

         4         hear the language of democracy spoken in New

         5         York by someone with a Russian accent.

         6              MR. BROOK-KRASNY:    Thank you.  Thank

         7         you very much for the opportunity to speak

         8         today.  Thank you.

         9              ASSEMBLYMAN PARMENT:    Any questions?

        10              SENATOR DOLLINGER:    No.

        11              ASSEMBLYMAN PARMENT:    Thank you.

        12         Robert Helbock.

        13              MR. HELBOCK:    Good morning, Mr.

        14         Chairman, members of the commission.  My

        15         name is Bob Helbock, and I stand before you

        16         today as a native Staten Islander, as a

        17         former candidate for the 59th Assembly

        18         District, and for the past years, the past

        19         twelve years, as the Counsel to State

        20         Senator John Marchi.

        21              While I am not appearing here today to

        22         testify in his behalf, I do know his

        23         perspective as far as how he considers the

        24         redistricting in Staten Island, and I would




.85




         1         like to just make a couple of quick points

         2         to you today, if I may.

         3              Staten Island is a unique county, in

         4         that in many ways we share many of the same

         5         similarities as Nassau County or Westchester

         6         County, rather than the other four boroughs

         7         in the City of New York.

         8              We have similar types of housing stock,

         9         one or two-family houses.  We have smaller

        10         type businesses here, employees under a

        11         hundred people, versus the larger boroughs

        12         which have more larger employers, and more

        13         multiple dwellings than Staten Island would

        14         have.

        15              We have two Island-wide newspapers that

        16         service Staten Island alone.  One, a daily,

        17         the "Staten Island Advance," and the other

        18         being a weekly newspaper, the "Staten Island

        19         Register."

        20              We also have one Community School Board

        21         District and one Congressional District that

        22         serves the entire borough of Staten Island.

        23         This differs substantially with the other

        24         boroughs within the City of New York, which




.86




         1         have numerous school districts and numerous

         2         Congressional districts.

         3              If you ask any Manhattanite where they

         4         may live, and they will refer to you, they

         5         will say, well, I live in Chelsea, I live in

         6         Stuyvesant Town, I live in the upper-west

         7         side.  You ask someone from Richmond County

         8         where they live, they say, well, I live on

         9         Staten Island.  We are a unique community,

        10         in fact,  that we identify ourselves as

        11         Staten Islanders more than we do from a

        12         specific neighborhood.

        13              However, that being said, we are still

        14         made up of small towns that identify

        15         themselves within a particular geographic

        16         area, and it would be important, and I

        17         reiterate to you what others have said, to

        18         make sure that that neighborhood integrity

        19         stays in tact.

        20              The two most important points which I

        21         would like to stress to you would be, number

        22         one, do not create a Mason/Dixon line to

        23         divide Staten Island, and number two, keep

        24         any partial district that may be created




.87




         1         connected to Brooklyn.

         2              First of all, I must compliment this

         3         commission for your efforts that were made

         4         ten years ago when redistricting Staten

         5         Island.  Although you found it necessary to

         6         break up some communities along the shores

         7         of Staten Island, for example, New Dorp and

         8         Dongan Hills and Tompkinsville, to create

         9         the Senate District on Staten Island, you

        10         also were able to keep communities like

        11         Stapleton and St. George basically in tact,

        12         as well as other areas like Rosebank, along

        13         the borders of Staten Island.

        14              I ask that rather than reinventing the

        15         wheel in this redistricting effort, you

        16         simply improve upon the existing lines,

        17         while reuniting communities previously

        18         divided, whenever possible.

        19              The most important perspective that

        20         Senator Marchi would insist upon, and which

        21         I am trying to impress upon you today, is

        22         that there should not be a North/South

        23         division of either any Assembly district or

        24         Senate district on Staten Island.




.88




         1              Staten Island representatives have gone

         2         to great pains through the years to avoid

         3         creating this kind of dichotomy that would

         4         divide Staten Island on basic issues.  This

         5         is the greatest threat to the unique quality

         6         of Staten Island.

         7              The natural inclination may be to draw

         8         lines that might use, for example, the

         9         Staten Island Expressway as a boundary.

        10         However, that might do more harm than good,

        11         by dividing communities that share

        12         commonality.  For example, the communities

        13         of Mariner's Harbor and Bulls Head share

        14         many of the same quality of life issues.

        15         For example, there is noise and traffic

        16         congestion and airplane noise.  They shop in

        17         the same areas.  They use the same postal

        18         service.  They use the same public

        19         transportation.  That is not the same or not

        20         true on the other side of the Staten Island

        21         Expressway, closer towards the bridge, where

        22         there are different commonalities of

        23         interest in those areas.

        24              Those areas share the same schools.




.89




         1         They share the same transportation problems,

         2         which, if you would be familiar with the

         3         Staten Island newspapers, are becoming more

         4         and more an issue within both the State

         5         Legislature as well as locally.

         6              This would also mean that the smallest

         7         district of both the Assembly and Senate

         8         seats would have to connect to another

         9         county.  It is my contention that this

        10         district should continue to connect to

        11         Brooklyn, rather than Manhattan.  There is a

        12         natural connection between the two

        13         communities of Staten Island and Brooklyn.

        14         They share the Verrazano Bridge.  They share

        15         similar concerns in both communities, and

        16         they have similar characteristics.

        17              On the other hand, it would be an

        18         insult to Staten Island to be rearranged and

        19         sent back to Manhattan.

        20              Unfortunately, approximately twenty

        21         years ago, Staten Island was represented by

        22         a very able State Senator, Senator Martin

        23         Connor, but he had the unique position of

        24         representing three boroughs at the same




.90




         1         time.  It would be my contention that that

         2         is a disadvantage to all three boroughs and

         3         Staten Island was, unfortunately, lost in

         4         that shuffle.

         5              Now, while Senator Marchi, for years,

         6         has taken it upon himself to consider

         7         himself representing the entire Staten

         8         Island, as our population has grown, this

         9         would become more and more difficult.  We

        10         need a representative on Staten Island who

        11         is concerned with Staten Island issues, and

        12         especially the type of issues that share

        13         commonality with other communities that they

        14         represent.

        15              I do not think that you can compare

        16         downtown St. George, our commercial district

        17         here on Staten Island, with any part of

        18         lower Manhattan.  For example, if you would

        19         just look at the structures and the

        20         facilities, the largest commercial building

        21         in St. George is a nine-story building,

        22         compared to the skyscrapers that we all see

        23         in lower Manhattan.

        24              I think it would be more appropriate to




.91




         1         keep the communities the same as they are

         2         now in the Councilmatic districts, the

         3         Congressional districts that share the

         4         representation between Bay Ridge and Staten

         5         Island.

         6              I would just like to conclude with you

         7         by saying that the good work that you have

         8         done ten years ago has essentially lead to

         9         very little controversy here on Staten

        10         Island.  We have been ably represented by

        11         Senator Vincent Gentile, as well as Senator

        12         Marchi, who has represented us for the past

        13         forty-six years, and hopefully will continue

        14         to do so.

        15              In considering these lines, I think

        16         when you have a good thing, don't mess with

        17         it.  I would suggest that maybe what you

        18         just need to do is tweak it a little bit,

        19         and ask you to take that into consideration

        20         as you consider these lines.

        21              Thank you very much.

        22              ASSEMBLYMAN PARMENT:    Thank you.

        23              SENATOR DOLLINGER:    Thank you.

        24              ASSEMBLYMAN PARMENT:    Robert McFeely.




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         1              MR. MCFEELY:    Senator Skelos,

         2         Assemblyman Parment, distinguished members

         3         of the panel, my name is Robert J. McFeely.

         4         I am a member of the Voter's Assistance

         5         Commission.  I am also the Secretary of the

         6         Staten Island Republican Party, and I am the

         7         MIS Director for Borough Hall.

         8              As a Commissioner of VAC, my

         9         responsibilities are to promote voter

        10         registration and increase participation in

        11         the voting process.  Nothing is more

        12         detrimental to voter participation than a

        13         feeling of isolation from a person

        14         representing you.

        15              Staten Islanders are unique that they

        16         feel separated from the rest of the City and

        17         State by the Raritan Bay and Hudson River.

        18         We are on an island with more physical

        19         connections to New Jersey than to any other

        20         part of New York City.  Hence, that we

        21         sometimes feel ignored and neglected by our

        22         New York brethren.  Because of this, this

        23         commission must start drawing the lines from

        24         Tottenville to the Peace Bridge, not the




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         1         other way around.  We are a proud community,

         2         not the last piece of cake for guests to

         3         quibble over.

         4              As for connecting our new seats to

         5         another borough, I respectfully request the

         6         committee to consider a few facts.  Staten

         7         Island has the most cars per household than

         8         in any other borough of New York City, while

         9         Manhattanites travel predominantly by

        10         subway.

        11              Travel time from Staten Island to

        12         Manhattan can take up to one hour by ferry

        13         and double that by car.  In comparison,

        14         travel to South Brooklyn can take as little

        15         as ten minutes across the Verrazano-Narrows

        16         Bridge.  During rush hour, it can extend to

        17         a half hour, one-fourth of the time it takes

        18         to get to Manhattan.

        19              Staten Island is the least densely

        20         populated of the five boroughs, and we have

        21         the most park land per square acre.  Linking

        22         us to Manhattan would not make sense.  It is

        23         just the opposite in population density and

        24         neighborhood character.




.94




         1              As a father of three children, I visit

         2         my grandmother, whom my children call Nonna,

         3         every Sunday for family dinner.  My wife's

         4         grandmother lives in Bay Ridge at the ripe

         5         age of 92.  I am not the exception.  In

         6         fact, I may be the rule in family tie

         7         demographics.  As such, the most sensible

         8         and logical conclusion this panel can come

         9         to into any link of all our seats, is the

        10         South Brooklyn area, where many Staten

        11         Islanders have a true connection.

        12              I respectfully submit my contribution.

        13              ASSEMBLYMAN PARMENT:    Thank you.

        14         Good to see you again.

        15              SENATOR DOLLINGER:    I just want to

        16         make one thing, as a former president said,

        17         perfectly clear.  I won't vote for any plan

        18         in which we reapportion Staten Island with

        19         New Jersey.  We fought over Ellis Island.

        20         We fought the battle of Staten Island.  It's

        21         ours.  We are not going to give it back, so,

        22         rest assured.

        23              ASSEMBLYMAN PARMENT:    Mary Riley.

        24         Did I pronounce the name correctly?




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         1              MS. RILEY:    Yes.  Good morning.  I am

         2         here to read a statement for County

         3         Chairwoman of the Republican Party, Leticia

         4         Remauro.

         5              Assemblyman Parment, distinguished

         6         members of the committee and my fellow

         7         Staten Islanders, my name is Leticia

         8         Remauro, and I am the Richmond County

         9         Republican Chairwoman.

        10              Staten Island is a unique community.

        11         Only a short ferry ride away from the

        12         borough we refer to as "the city," but

        13         others call Manhattan.  Staten Island is a

        14         neighborhood consisting of single-family

        15         homes, parks and tree-lined streets.  We are

        16         a community united, and for years we have

        17         struggled to remain that way.  So determined

        18         are we to remain united, that some years

        19         back when we were presented with an option

        20         to divide our school district, Staten

        21         Islanders refused, opting instead to keep

        22         our children under one banner and one

        23         administration that would deliver consistent

        24         service.




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         1              In fact, our resolve to remain united

         2         is so strong, you may have heard that a few

         3         years back we voted to secede from New York

         4         City.

         5              As you may have guessed, I am not a

         6         proponent for slicing-up Staten Island.  I

         7         have always believed that constituents are

         8         best served when their elected officials

         9         live among them, shop where they shop, eat

        10         in the same restaurants, and access the same

        11         government services.  At the same time, I am

        12         a realist, and I recognize that our

        13         neighborhood is growing, as we welcome new

        14         families each and every day.  In

        15         representative government, growth means the

        16         addition of new election districts, and with

        17         that, new officials to fill them.  Alas,

        18         such is the case in Staten Island today.

        19              I am well aware that the panel has no

        20         choice but to divide our community, and I am

        21         here today to ask you to be sensitive to the

        22         needs of those you are sending away.

        23              Staten Island should not be treated as

        24         a pie that can be sliced down the middle or




.97




         1         up the sides.  There should be no

         2         North/South divisions for the sake of

         3         expediency or political desire.  Instead, we

         4         should consider our community neighborhood

         5         by neighborhood, keeping them whole where we

         6         can ensure that those that must be separated

         7         are not being sent to a place in the city

         8         unlike the place that they live.

         9              Wherever possible, we must keep our

        10         bucolic areas together, letting their

        11         Senate, Assembly and Congressional districts

        12         run along the lines of familiar shopping

        13         clusters, or "towns" as we call them.  We

        14         must keep communities of interest together,

        15         so that we can have a fair and consistent

        16         representation.

        17              And when connecting us to another

        18         borough, I beseech you to recognize that the

        19         borough most like our own, and indeed one

        20         many Islanders have a "blood' connection to,

        21         is the borough of Brooklyn.  For years, we

        22         have shared both our congressional and

        23         council district with the Bay Ridge, Dyker

        24         Heights and Bensonhurst areas of Brooklyn.




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         1         Though these areas are not exactly the same

         2         as the towns of Staten Island, they could be

         3         distant cousins to certain areas in our

         4         borough, consisting of small apartment

         5         buildings and clusters of semi-attached

         6         homes and townhouses.  For the sake of our

         7         constituents, I urge you to keep necessary

         8         connections, consistent to past practices,

         9         and let any new Assembly seat join our other

        10         in Kings County.

        11              Thank you for your attention and

        12         consideration.  Respectfully submitted by

        13         Leticia Remauro.

        14              ASSEMBLYMAN PARMENT:    Thank you.  We

        15         will go back to the beginning.  Mr.  Joseph

        16         Pagan.  Belinda Dixon.  Earlene Bethel.

        17              That completes the list of people who

        18         have indicated an interest to speak.  Are

        19         there others that would wish to speak?

        20              Hearing none, I would move --

        21              SENATOR DOLLINGER:    I will move to

        22         adjourn, Mr. Chair.

        23              ASSEMBLYMAN PARMENT:    So moved.

        24              ASSEMBLYMAN ORTLOFF:    I second it.




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         1              ASSEMBLYMAN PARMENT:    Second it.

         2         Adjourned.

         3              Thank you.

         4              (Time noted:  11:50 a.m.)

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